Yes, a Czech citizen who wants to work or study in Canada will need a temporary resident visa and may also require a study or work permit. You should refer to the Vienna website for information on whether you require a work or study permit.
Applications for study and work permits should be submitted to the Canadian Embassy in Vienna for processing. If you have submitted an application for a study or work permit, a separate application for a temporary resident visa will not be required because the issuance of a work or study permit will include a TRV.